The Bad Guy: Oil Speculators

Say Goodnight to the Bad Guy
Was Tony Montana right? Do we need the bad guy to point our fingers at? If that is so, it seems the bad guys these days are the oil speculators. If we listen to all the talking heads and politicians, we would be demanding the end of oil speculation. It might be the one thing that both President Obama and Bill O’Reilly agree on!
I am a contrarian at heart. I love the other side of common knowledge or popular opinion, so I had a big smile on my face when I saw In Support of Speculators. The author actually found quotes from another blog, Rick Perry’s Carpe Diem (no, not that Rick Perry!), but added a little more in terms of other causes.
Here are some arguments against the Bad-Guy-Oil-Speculators-Are-Raising-Gas-Prices Theory:
"People who argue that speculation is destabilizing seldom realize that this is largely equivalent to saying that speculators lose money, since speculation can be destabilizing in general only if speculators on the average sell when the currency (commodity) is low in price and buy when it is high." - Milton Friedman
“Speculators anticipate shortages and buy up commodities early, thereby removing them from the market. This alerts consumers to the oncoming shortage, fulfilling the important financial market role of providing information and allowing them to reduce consumption as prices rise. Later, the speculator sells, ameliorating the shortage while making a profit.
“Speculators anticipate and warn others about shortages—they do not cause shortages. As a result of their trades, price swings are less severe than they otherwise would have been. We do not blame doctors, police, or firemen for profiting from the misfortune of others because it is understood that they help a bad situation. Speculators deserve the same consideration." - Joetta Forsyth, Learning to Love Financial Market Barbarians
There are many different factors affecting energy prices. Increased consumption in Asia, Iran causing havoc in the Middle East, and perhaps decreased oil production in the US over the years.
Here’s an interesting graph of energy consumption:


source: Energy Information Administration
The consumption of energy has drastically increased in Asia as emerging markets in China and India have thrived. While all the conservation policies the United States and Europe that have decreased the consumption percentage and kept expenditure levels relatively steady over the past 30 years, it’s definitely not enough to offset the amount that Asia is now using.
Here’s a quote about Iran’s influence on the market:
“Markets tend to be especially fearful of potential events that can have large negative impacts. The probabilities may be low for a conflict over the Strait of Hormuz or the possibility of additional military action in the MidEast, yet the direct and indirect implications for all the nearby oil-producing countries are extremely severe and the potential negative spillover into the world’s oil supply is huge.”
This is where speculators actually help stabilize prices!
Finally, the US produces roughly 37% less oil today than it did from its highest level in 1985.
I cringe whenever someone attacks “speculation.” First, it smacks of paternalism to me – speculation by those who are properly informed of the risks is entirely healthy, especially in the markets. In fact, it’s required, in my view, for a “natural market” to thrive. Think of it like this – for a trade to happen, someone needs to be willing to take the other side. If you are trading for safety, basically using market mechanisms to design your own “insurance”, who exactly is on the other side of your “safe” trade? It has to be someone “speculating” that you will be wrong. Maybe it’s not that simple, but it is how I see it.
If, as a society, we decide we do want to be so paternalistic as to curb “speculation” – let’s start where the truly misinformed, including many folks who can ill afford the losses, are getting fleeced every day – let’s ban lottery tickets.
Be good,
Don Montanaro
TradeKing Bigdog, Chairman and CEO
www.tradeking.com
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Comments
Follow commentsOracole posted April 25, 2012 (09:24AM)
I couldn't have said it better.
incubus posted April 25, 2012 (12:16PM)
In the above example of a Doctor/firefighter who profits off the demise of others, no one debates that.
The debate, if that Doctor bought up 100% of the supply of antibiotics in his region, with the intent of capitalizing on price movement,.
Milton F would be right, as soon as the Dr sells his stash, prices would fall, but in the interim, how many casualties & deaths as a result?
Please, look at this Barry Ritholtz infographic posted Monday, it's easy to understand, a very short read.
It's also mind-blowing -
http://www.ritholtz.com/blog/2012/04/228-trillion-derivative-exposure/
I challenge anyone to procure a sound argument for oil @ $145/barrel in 2008...but yes, to prove Milton's point, oil did collapse, all the way to $35/barrel.
The problem there, the timing of that bubble, even the Pentagon investigated it and concluded a terrorist could have used the strategy against the U.S.
Consider the amount of power a single entity, or colluding entities have over pricing of staples, soft's or energy, and what affect that power can have over consumption, economic growth, trends, politics, the list is endless.
I've stated the belief that the TBTF's could have used that ability in the Summer of 2008 to restrict consumption and nudge defaults for the benefit of counter-positions to CDO's they'd sold in droves as "triple A".
To anyone who doubts me there, fine -
let's say I'm a "hangar 18" conspiracy theorists, explain to me how this scenario isn't possible once having viewed the infographic above?
incubus posted April 25, 2012 (12:43PM)
sublimevotum posted April 25, 2012 (04:32PM)
Incubus, many of the concerns you mention (such as position limits) have been addressed by Dodd-Frank, and things like market manipulation have been illegal for some time now.
incubus posted April 25, 2012 (07:54PM)
The Dodd-Frank/CFTC position limits were supposed to be in place over a year ago, they're still not.
The CFMA removed limitations & regulation for OTC derivatives & futures, which allows limitless speculation and no oversight or transparency.
Though the CFTC finally voted to implement them this month, the Financial lobby is now suing to stop it.
There is still no effective regulation on position limits, even when (~IF~) it's passed, it will take time to go into effect.
In other words, there could be an entity at work right now as we chat manipulating material or commodity prices via futures to take advantage of short or long positions in sectors/industries that are effected by that pricing, the same way CDO's were effected by extreme oil & Rbob prices.
Let's say the market's getting frothy, a big player, or a few, could push oil to, say, $120 and then collect on previously placed short equity positions.(referring to May 2011)
Whether or not this happened is almost moot, the possibility that it can happen is more than enough reason to regulate futures, especially now that we know how much damage can be inflicted.
sublimevotum posted April 25, 2012 (08:53PM)
I am not assuming this. Market manipulation is most certainly illegal.
And you are right that the implementation of position limits is still working its way through some lawsuits, but I expect it to be implemented in some form.
Besides, US energy futures markets had position limits until 2001, the spot market still has position limits as best I understand it, and a number of agricultural goods have had position limits since 1936. Position limits are nothing new, and I don't think much will change when they are implemented. These agricultural goods that have had position limits for some time have performed very much like oil has.
incubus posted April 25, 2012 (10:51PM)
if you acknowledge the unregulated, nontransparent and limitless ability for current futures trades the CFMA allows, and -
You acknowledge that futures effect spot,
You are then acknowledging that market manipulation is not only perfectly legal, it's par for the course right now.
Before you reply, refer to the link to Barry Ritholtz I posted above,
It's an easy-to-understand infographic that puts the sheer volume of derivatives the TBTF banks trade into perspective, with $228 trillion on the market, a TBTF sneezes the wrong way and billions in wealth are lost in minutes.
sublimevotum posted April 26, 2012 (07:18PM)
Market manipulation may be difficult to prove, as is the case with many laws, but it has been illegal since 1934.
And the article you posted is (with all due respect) very misleading. It cites banks' total derivative exposure (notional value) of derivatives without even explaining what this means. While the notional amount of derivatives held by banks in the last quarter of 2011 was at $231 trillion, banks net credit exposure (a much less misleading figure) is at at $430 billion.
Let me give an example. April's $141 call option on SPY last traded at $12. The notional value ("derivative exposure") of this option equals the stock's current price multiplied by 100, which equal $14,016 (someone please correct me if I'm wrong). Since this option is only worth $12, it would be very misleading to say that my trade's notional value of $14,016 is somehow representative of anything. (I thought of making an infograph of me holding $12 standing next to $14,016 in pennies, just to freak people out!)
Finally, the vast majority of this "derivative exposure" had nothing to do with commodities. Commodities made up a tiny .7% of the total, while interest rate contracts made up 81.2% of the total in the last quarter of 2011.
snowman posted April 27, 2012 (09:15AM)
As to Sublimevoturn's comment " Commodities made up a tiny .7% of the total" First off there is a thing called the REPO market, hidden from your view. But to suggest that the commodities futures or derivatives is .7% when the Chicago exchange alone trades more money in a day than all the stock markets of the world do in a year, is insane. These guys who trade oil have planes and ships that do nothing but surveillance in the middle east just in case something happens. Figure out how much it costs to keep planes flying 24/7 just in case, and then you will understand the kind of money we are talking about.
Oracole posted April 27, 2012 (01:47PM)
It's also mind-blowing -
http://www.ritholtz.com/blog/2012/04/228-trillion-derivative-exposure/ "
Incubus,
I checked this link out. It is interesting. However, call me a skeptic, but I believe that the only reason our current government would like to regulate this market would be so that it could claw out a portion of the very large pie for itself.
incubus posted April 27, 2012 (03:24PM)
That's like deciding to get rid of the police because some of them are known to take money for looking the other way.
The solution is to fix the problem, not fire the entire department.
incubus posted April 27, 2012 (04:42PM)
Error - dupe
incubus posted April 27, 2012 (05:13PM)
The CFMA allows unlimited positions with absolutely no disclosure to the public on amount held, when bought or sold.
You completely missed the point on size V notional risk, that's not the issue.
The combined market cap for global stock markets is $58 Trillion.
TBTF banks now hold $228 Trillion in leveraged derivatives.
That's 4 X the total market cap of all global stock markets.
Let's say I hold $10 trillion in long CORN futures, and I am hedged against it by $9.995 trillion, my "risk" is only $5 million - peanuts by comparison.
I wait for a big spike in AG stocks, take a short position in ADM or other AG equities, then I move just A 5% position overnight that sparks a parabolic surge in Corn prices.
I clean house as ADM plummets due to margin squeeze, I did not manipulate ADM price, I simply placed a "smart" short because my "superior" ability led me to "conclude" corn was "mis-valued".
All the while, there is absolutely no requirement that I disclose my corn futures positions or trades.
This is what happened with oil in 2008, it was so obvious that the Pentagon investigated it as a potential act of financial terrorism.
That's market manipulation, it's now legal until Dodd-Frank's position limits are in place.
Sub, last note, I get the impression you're only debating contrarian to me for the sake thereof.
With that, I say DO NOT guzzle prune juice, trust me, too much prune juice is bad, bad, bad.
sublimevotum posted April 27, 2012 (05:42PM)
incubus posted April 27, 2012 (10:33PM)
The topic of whether oil speculation is a problem has more than adequate data to support that it is.
Even the Pentagon investigated the problem itself and concluded that a terrorist could have been behind the crash of '08, by simply manipulating oil prices at a time when Sub-primes and debt were at an apex says all there is to say.
Unless you're convinced oil @ $145/barrel was pure supply/demand, the Pentagon report is scary.
A recent CFTC report leaked by Senator Bernie Sanders that shows Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley were levered to the hilt in oil futures in 2008.
Is it coincidence that inside knowledge of how truly frail consumer debt was at the time could be used to GS and MS's benefit?
Coincidence that they both paid record breaking bonuses not long after?
Enough money & leverage renders futures traders & TBTF prop desks omnipotent over the stock market.
Pump grain prices, Ag stocks are fish in a barrel,
Pump energy, play refiners,
Pump NatGas, play utilities,
Pump Metals, play miners,
Pump materials, play manufacturers/retailers.
And, my favorite -
Pump oil prices, after flooding the market with derivatives based on liar loans and capitalize on mortgage defaults as disposable incomes shrivel enough to trigger defaults.
We can debate the logistical details of the BR infographic, or engage in options tutorials, but the point stands -
TBTF's have more than enough buying power and leverage to manipulate futures, futures directly affect spot prices, which in turn affect whole industries - ultimately the consumer.
sublimevotum posted April 27, 2012 (11:26PM)
You said, " Even the Pentagon investigated the problem itself and concluded that a terrorist could have been behind the crash of '08." The Pentagon does suggest that this was possible, based on research done by a contractor, but it also made it pretty clear that it was not likely.
incubus posted April 28, 2012 (12:05AM)
To quote -
" While economic analysts and a final report from the federal government's Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission blame the crash on such economic factors as high-risk mortgage lending practices and poor federal regulation and supervision, the Pentagon contractor adds a new element: “outside forces,” a factor the commission did not examine. "
To repeat - " .... a factor the commission did not examine. "
The Pentagon report was supplemental to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Board - after the fact.
It stated that the board had failed to look at this possibility and provided ample evidence that an "outside force" was a factor, above and beyond sub-primes, economic downturn and consumer debt.
Turns out the "outside force" happened to be some of the biggest campaign contributors in the U.S., oops, better shuffle that report off to the archives and hope the public forgets.
It concluded that excessive manipulation in oil futures, timed at the onset of a market decline exacerbated what would have been a substantially lesser market decline.
Not one phrase stating "not likely".
This is why I said you're just going contrary for the sake o fit.
snowman posted April 28, 2012 (01:10AM)
4th Quarter 2011
http://www.occ.treas.gov/topics/capital-markets/financial-markets/trading/derivatives/dq411.pdf
2nd Quarter 2011
http://www.occ.gov/topics/capital-markets/financial-markets/trading/derivatives/dq211.pdf
This does not include a totally unregulated market. Also many purchases of commodities are done by contract and do not go through the exchange.
I will just say this it is not how much they hold it is how much they pass back and forth.
Just an example of how they pass it back and forth. Better known as the Goldman roll.
http://www.forbes.com/sites/steveschaefer/2012/04/02/royal-bank-of-canada-charged-with-futures-trading-scheme-by-cftc/
Private repo market is unregulated and not recorded and is now larger than the Feds repo market.
http://www.dailystaghunt.com/markets/2011/12/29/fed-to-nationalize-tri-party-repo-market.html
sublimevotum posted April 28, 2012 (01:07PM)
We could go back and forth forever. There's no point. You keep siding with conspiracy theories, fringe opinions, and government-regulated markets, and I'll keep siding with the preponderence of evidence and relatively free markets.
incubus posted April 28, 2012 (01:58PM)
So, after being corrected for misstating that the Pentagon report says "not likely", you change your argument to calling it a "conspiracy theory".
The "empirical" argument is to change your stance , mid-argument, on the Pentagon's credibility after being told you'd made a statement about the report that isn't there.
The Pentagon isn't a "conspiracy theory" they handle our national defense, oil reaching $145 at the height of sub-prime leverage during the Summer of '08 really happened.
$145/barrel oil was NOT supply/demand, was 100% caused by speculation.
Even Don's chat of demand correlates with my own in the forum,
Global demand is up 42% since 1980, reserves are up 233% in the same time.
sublimevotum posted April 28, 2012 (03:09PM)
The Pentagon did not use the term "likely," however, they clearly contributed the crash of 08 to other factors in their final report. So they said the crash was caused by other factors and that the idea that it was terrorists was only possible. So what I said was true.
And you making statements like, "TBTF banks now hold $228 Trillion in leveraged derivatives," show you don't know what you are talking about.
I'm done. There is no point in arguing with people who obviously don't know what they are talking about.
incubus posted April 28, 2012 (05:24PM)
It DOES NOT debate the fact that the market was already in decline due to other factors.
Explain the "3 phases" the report outlines.- You did read it. ..right?
The report specifically states that oil manipulation played a major role in exacerbating an on-going market slump at the perfect time to push the market substantially lower by exacerbating & accelerating existing debt problems.
It brings attention to $145 oil at exactly the right time to further enhance the ongoing slump.
No one will debate that $145 was real supply/demand...
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